IRIA News

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Syria’s transitional president, Ahmed Al Sharaa, made his first official foreign visit to Saudi Arabia on February 2, 2205. This visit marks a crucial step in Syria’s efforts to establish legitimacy following the ousting of longtime leader Bashar Al Assad.

Upon his arrival at King Khalid International Airport, Al Sharaa was welcomed by the Deputy Governor of the Riyadh Region, Prince Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Abdulaziz. The Saudi Press Agency later released images of Al Sharaa’s meeting with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), highlighting the diplomatic significance of the visit.

Syria’s Foreign Minister Asaad Al Shaibani also accompanied Al Sharaa, as he engaged in discussions with MBS aimed at strengthening bilateral ties and securing support for Syria’s reconstruction.

Syria’s political shift

Syria has been at the center of geopolitical tensions for over a decade, with a civil war that has devastated the country since 2011. Former President Bashar Al Assad, who ruled Syria for more than two decades, faced growing opposition from various factions, including rebel groups and international actors. However, his grip on power remained firm due to strong backing from Russia and Iran.

The turning point came on December 8, 2024, when Al Sharaa led a lightning offensive against Assad’s forces, ultimately toppling the long-standing regime. As the leader of Hayat Tahrir Al Sham (HTS), a group previously linked to Al Qaeda, Al Sharaa’s victory marked a dramatic shift in Syria’s political landscape. Since then, his administration has been working to consolidate power, gain regional recognition, and lift economic sanctions imposed by Western nations.

Why Saudi Arabia?

Al Sharaa’s choice of Saudi Arabia as his first international destination is highly symbolic. Saudi Arabia has historically played a complex role in Syria’s conflict, at times supporting insurgent groups opposed to Assad while also navigating its geopolitical interests in the region. Now, with Assad out of the picture, Riyadh sees an opportunity to shape Syria’s future.

This visit also signifies Syria’s shift away from its former alliances with Iran and Russia. Under Assad, Syria was closely aligned with these two powers, which provided military and financial support throughout the war. Al Sharaa’s outreach to Saudi Arabia signals a break from that past, potentially reshaping the region’s balance of power.

Seeking economic support and legitimacy

One of Al Sharaa’s primary objectives in Riyadh is to secure economic assistance. Years of war have left Syria’s infrastructure in ruins, with the country suffering from widespread poverty and a crumbling economy. Western sanctions have further crippled its financial sector, making foreign investment crucial for rebuilding.

Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Minister, Prince Faisal bin Farhan, recently stated that his country was in active discussions with the United States and European nations to lift economic sanctions on Syria. Al Sharaa’s visit serves as a reminder of this commitment and aims to accelerate the process. Additionally, he is seeking direct Saudi investment in Syria’s reconstruction efforts, particularly in rebuilding cities, infrastructure, and government institutions.

In a recent interview with Al Arabiya, Al Sharaa expressed optimism about Syria’s economic prospects, stating, “Saudi Arabia will certainly have a large role in Syria’s future,” and describing a “big investment opportunity for all neighboring countries.”

International and regional reactions

Al Sharaa’s leadership has been met with mixed reactions from the international community. While some Arab nations, including Qatar and Egypt, have extended cautious support, others remain skeptical due to their past affiliation with HTS. His Islamist background raises concerns about the ideological direction Syria might take under his rule.

The United States has taken a cautious but pragmatic approach. Senior U.S. diplomats recently held meetings with Al Sharaa, discussing Syria’s political transition and the need for inclusivity. Notably, the U.S. recently lifted a $10 million bounty on his head, a move seen as a potential shift in policy toward engaging with Syria’s new leadership.

Within the Arab world, reactions have varied. While Saudi Arabia and Qatar appear willing to engage with Al Sharaa’s administration, countries like Egypt and the United Arab Emirates remain wary of a government led by Islamist figures. However, the recent visit of Qatar’s Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani to Damascus—the first Arab leader to do so since Assad’s fall—suggests growing regional acceptance.

Challenges for Syria’s new leadership

Despite diplomatic overtures, Al Sharaa faces significant challenges in stabilizing Syria. The country remains fragmented, with various armed groups still active. Remnants of the Islamic State continue to pose security threats, as demonstrated by recent terrorist attacks in northern Syria.

Domestically, Al Sharaa must also navigate political divisions. While he has promised to form an inclusive government representing Syria’s diverse religious and ethnic communities, skepticism remains about whether his administration will truly move toward democratic governance.

Moreover, economic recovery will be a long and arduous process. Even if sanctions are lifted, Syria will require substantial international investment and humanitarian aid. The reconstruction of cities, the re-establishment of state institutions, and the reintegration of displaced citizens will take years.