Norwegian Air Force tests first F-35 fighter jet powered by synthetic aviation fuel
Europe, News January 19, 2025 No Comments on Norwegian Air Force tests first F-35 fighter jet powered by synthetic aviation fuel5 minute read
The Norwegian Air Force has successfully used synthetic aviation fuel to operate its F-35 fighter jets. This initiative aligns with the nation’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions and promoting environmental responsibility within the defense industry.
On January 14, 2025, the Norwegian Air Force successfully tested an F-35 fighter jet powered by a blend of biofuel and synthetic fuel. Although the flight originally scheduled for January 15 at Orland Air Base was canceled due to unfavorable weather conditions, the test flight the day prior demonstrated the feasibility of using this fuel mixture to power the advanced F-35 fighter jets.
A climate-friendly move
The use of synthetic fuel in the F-35 program is part of a broader effort to reduce emissions within the Norwegian Armed Forces. According to Norway’s Minister of Defense, Bjorn Arild Gram, the successful test presents a viable climate-friendly solution for military aviation, especially given the technical challenges of electrifying fighter jets like the F-35. While full electrification of military aircraft remains a distant goal due to battery limitations, the adoption of non-fossil fuels is seen as a key intermediary measure.
Gram emphasized the importance of tackling emissions from the defense sector, stating: “Our fighter jets currently account for about one-third of direct CO₂ emissions within the defense sector. Using sustainable fuel can reduce emissions and strengthen supply security. The aim is to contribute to achieving climate targets while enhancing preparedness.”
Norway’s armed forces have long recognized the environmental impact of their operations. With the F-35s now using SAF, the government hopes to reduce the sector’s reliance on traditional fossil fuels, moving closer to the country’s ambitious climate goals. This initiative could also bolster the military’s resilience by decreasing dependence on lengthy and vulnerable supply chains.
The integration of SAF into F-35 operations is just one aspect of Orland Air Base’s wider effort to explore and implement eco-friendly technologies. The air base is also trialing portable hybrid units that combine wind and solar energy. These units can store energy and be deployed across various locations, potentially enhancing the military’s ability to operate independently and sustainably in remote regions.
Minister Gram highlighted the broader strategy in Norway’s long-term defense planning, saying, “We have presented an ambitious long-term defense plan, significantly increasing the activity level of the Armed Forces. This requires us to take responsibility for reducing our climate and environmental impact while maintaining preparedness and operational capability. This is not just about climate; it is also about technological development and preparedness.”
Norway’s commitment to sustainability
Norway has committed to acquiring a fleet of 52 conventional take-off and landing F-35s. Of these, the country has already received approximately 40, with the remaining jets expected to be delivered in the coming years. As part of the country’s broader environmental goals, integrating SAF into the F-35’s operations is a crucial step in reducing the defense sector’s carbon footprint.
The country’s defense budget, as outlined in GlobalData’s report on the Norwegian defense market, is projected to grow steadily between 2024 and 2028, with an annual compound growth rate (CAGR) of over 4%. The increasing defense budget, paired with Norway’s ambition to enhance its military capabilities while remaining environmentally responsible, sets the stage for future advancements in sustainable military technology.
Future of aviation
The synthetic fuel used in the latest test is termed Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), a broad category that includes a range of fuels designed to reduce the environmental impact of air travel. SAF is produced from renewable resources, including biofuels, synthetic fuels, and recycled carbon-based fuels. These fuels are designed to produce fewer emissions when burned compared to traditional jet fuel, making them a promising solution for reducing aviation’s carbon footprint.
SAF can be produced from a variety of sources, such as waste materials, agricultural residues, and even algae. The SAF used in Norway’s F-35s is a blend consisting of 40% biofuel, which is derived from waste and residues. This is a significant leap from the conventional fossil-based jet fuel traditionally used in military aviation.
While SAF holds great promise for reducing aviation emissions, its widespread adoption faces significant challenges. The production of SAF remains limited, and scaling it to meet the global demand for aviation fuel requires substantial investments in infrastructure and technology. Additionally, SAF remains more expensive than traditional fossil fuels, which could pose economic challenges for both commercial and military aviation sectors.
However, Norway’s commitment to SAF use represents a forward-thinking approach to integrating sustainability into military operations. By leveraging SAF, the Norwegian Air Force aims to reduce its carbon footprint while maintaining operational efficiency and readiness.
Norwegian jets scrambled
In a separate development on January 15, NATO scrambled Norwegian F-35 fighter jets stationed in Poland for the first time to defend NATO airspace amid a Russian missile attack on Ukraine. Russia launched a series of cruise and ballistic missiles targeting critical infrastructure in several Ukrainian oblasts. Ukrainian forces successfully shot down 30 missiles and 47 drones. This marked the first deployment of Norwegian jets for active air defense of Polish airspace, underscoring NATO’s commitment to protecting its eastern flank, according to NATO Air Command.
In response to the attack, Poland announced an increase in its air force readiness, deploying additional fighter jets and putting ground-based air defense and radar systems on high alert. While Russian drones and missiles have previously entered Polish airspace, Polish officials have exercised caution in responding to such violations.
A survey in September revealed that most Poles believe their military should shoot down Russian drones, while Polish Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski emphasized the responsibility of Poland and neighboring countries to protect their airspace, despite NATO’s opposition.
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