IRIA News

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Greece has unveiled a comprehensive $27 billion (€25 billion) military modernization plan set to unfold over the next decade. This ambitious initiative aims to transition the Hellenic Armed Forces into a technologically advanced and network-centric force, aligning with contemporary warfare demands and addressing regional security challenges.

Central to this modernization effort is the development of the “Achilles Shield,” a sophisticated air defense system designed to counter a spectrum of aerial threats, including aircraft, missiles, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

Defense Minister Nikos Dendias emphasized the transformative nature of this project, stating, “What we are proposing is an existential issue for the country, a complete shift in our defense approach, a total change in doctrine.” This initiative reflects a strategic pivot from traditional defense postures to a more agile and technologically integrated framework.

Integration of Advanced Technologies and Systems

The modernization plan encompasses several key components aimed at enhancing operational effectiveness:

• AI-Powered Missile Systems and Drone Technologies: Greece intends to invest in mobile, artificial intelligence-driven missile systems and advanced drone technologies. These assets are expected to provide rapid response capabilities and improved situational awareness, reducing reliance on conventional military platforms.
• Next-Generation Soldier Equipment: The plan includes equipping personnel with state-of-the-art gear integrated with sensors and communication systems, enhancing battlefield connectivity and operational efficiency.
• Satellite Communication Capabilities: Developing dedicated satellite infrastructure is a priority to ensure secure and reliable communications during operations, thereby bolstering command and control capabilities.

Structural Reforms and Domestic Industry Participation

Beyond technological advancements, the overhaul involves significant structural reforms within the military. The plan calls for merging units, closing underutilized bases, and streamlining the command structure to address existing inefficiencies and create a more responsive force.

There is also a concerted effort to involve domestic technology startups and defense firms in the development and production of new systems, fostering innovation and self-reliance within Greece’s defense sector.

Strategic Partnerships and Procurement Plans

Greece’s modernization strategy also emphasizes strengthening international defense collaborations. The plan builds upon existing partnerships, focusing on joint development projects and procurement programs.

Notably, discussions with Israel have been ongoing regarding the development of an air defense system akin to Israel’s Iron Dome, aiming to enhance Greece’s defensive capabilities against aerial threats.

The procurement of new submarines, drones, and a communications satellite is planned, along with the development of the “Achilles Shield.” Additionally, Greece intends to purchase up to 40 F-35 fighter jets from the United States, viewing this as a long-term investment despite calls from some opposition parties to consider European alternatives.

Contextual Factors Influencing the Overhaul

Several geopolitical and economic factors have influenced Greece’s decision to embark on this extensive defense overhaul. Ongoing disputes over boundaries in the Aegean Sea and the eastern Mediterranean have necessitated a robust defense posture. The “Achilles Shield” is specifically aimed at addressing these tensions by enhancing Greece’s air defense capabilities.

Amid the ongoing war in Ukraine and indications of a reduced U.S. commitment to European defense under the Trump administration, European nations, including Greece, are increasing their defense spending to bolster regional security.

Emerging from the 2009–2018 debt crisis, Greece is balancing the need for substantial defense investments with fiscal responsibility. Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis has emphasized the importance of investing in sovereignty while ensuring economic stability.

Greece’s $27 billion military modernization plan represents a strategic shift towards integrating high-tech warfare technologies and restructuring its armed forces to meet contemporary security challenges.

By focusing on advanced systems like the “Achilles Shield,” fostering domestic innovation, and strengthening international partnerships, Greece aims to enhance its defense capabilities and maintain regional stability in an evolving geopolitical landscape.